Guanxi in China Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Guanxi in China - Essay Example Guanxi consists of definite reciprocal obligations, affirmations, and knowledge, which are the attributes that guide Chinese approaches towards durable businesses and social relationships. Guanxi can therefore be generally taken to mean social relationships or connections with the presumption of extended exchange of favors. This makes it more than a simple interpersonal relationship or friendship; this is especially due to the fact that there are complementary obligations to act towards any calls for support. Despite the fact that interpersonal relations are characteristic of every society, Guanxi is special given that it is broad and plays a central role in everyday life. The formation of Guanxi depends on the availability of a base; it can be formed from different kinds of bases such as relatives, friendship, kinship, schoolmates, workmates, relatives, family members, club members, and hobbies. For an individual in the Chinese society, affiliation with a particular base has an attr ibute of personal identification with others that are equally important to him or her. For example, a work experience is important to two people with workmate Guanxi, while an educational experience is important to two people with classmate or schoolmate Guanxi. From this, it is clear that Guanxi bases can either be social bases or blood bases. Social bases result from social interactions; they include Guanxi’s between classmates, schoolmates, workmates, friends, and club members, while blood bases result from blood relations; they include Guanxi’s between family members, relatives, kins among others. Blood or family Guanxi’s are perceived as the most important of all Guanxi’s, since in Chinese societies the family is viewed as the basic unit of society, and relationships from this base tend to be stronger. 2. Building a Guanxi As mentioned earlier, Guanxi’s are built upon family relations, friendship, kinship and other types of close relations in the society. There are a number of principles that guide the establishment, implementation and maintenance of a Guanzi. These include transferable, reciprocal, intangible, utilitarian, contextual, long-term oriented and personal. The approaches employed in building Guanzi’s are also several; they include exchanging favors, giving gifts, socialization, recommendations or intermediary referrals, club membership, entertainment, government support, corporate credibility, and social reputation. From the information discussed, it is important to note that trust is a central attribute surrounding the formation, implementation, and maintenance of a Guanzi. For the formation of a Giuanizi, there is need for a social interconnection or a blood relationship among individuals. Recommendations or intermediary referrals are important in building linkages between individuals with no intimate commonality. The intermediary is often a person known to both individuals and it is through him or h er that they get to know each other better, and build a relationship base on trust that culminates into a Guanxi. Common links are the easiest way that people use to get into a Guanzi. This is mainly because people with similar characteristics are more attracted to each other, understand each other, and have empathy towards each other. In order to build a Guanxi, there is need for an individual to stay in contact with colleagues in his circle by visiting them, exchanging gifts with them, and through greetings. Through this, contacts are built; however, uncertainties and mistrust may still exist and therefore the second step should involve earning trust. There are many ways of earning trust; however, the best way is through helping when a person is going through a

Different Reasons People Comunicate Essay Example for Free

Different Reasons People Comunicate Essay There are lots of reasons why people communicate at work. For example, to share ideas and thoughts, to express needs and feelings, to socialise, to gain and share information, to build relationship and to maintain relationship, to understand and to be understood and to receive instructions, to give encouragement and show others that we care. In order to work effectively with children and their families, it is important to have good relationship with a range of people. Those who have good communication skills are likely to have strong relationship with children, parents and other adults. Sometimes we need extra support and services to help people comunicate properly. Translation and interpreting services I know about few cases at school where teachers had to use translator services to facilitate written communication between parents whose English is an additional language. In addition, they may use interpreting services to facilitate spoken communication. Read more:  Identify five different reasons why people communicate  essay For sensitive matters should be used a professional interpreter as they have trained to translate the message but not misinterpret it. They have also been trained not to say their opinion or change the nature of what the other person is trying to say. Speech and language services – we may need to use these services to help us find ways of communicating with children and young people. They may provide suggestions and guidance as to how to use resources such as Picture Exchange Communication System (PECS) or training in visual systems such as Makaton. They showed up to be very efective with children with autism and down sindrome as many more. Advocacy services – a child or young person might be assigned an advocate whose task is to reflect their best interest. The use of advocates is needed for children or young people who are in local authority care or for children or young people with communication difficulties. Third sector organisations – for example, Royal National Institute for Deaf People (RNID) – we may use these services if we have children in the setting who are hearing impairment. These services provide training courses and consultancy on deafness and disability. They also offer communication services including sigh language, interpreters and provide services for deaf and hard of hearing people with additional needs. We need to find ways of communicating with children and build relationship with them so they find it easier to settle into a new environment. When parents find that their children are happy with us they will trust us and have total confidence in us. Comunication is a key in my job role as a Nanny so I can fullfill needs of children and than pass all details to parents, so they ll know, their child is happy and safe. I use to do it thru comunication books or during the handower at the end of the day. To work effectively we will need to gain and share information. This might be from basic information about how a child is feeling, what they are interested in or it might be information about their long-term health and welfare. In nurseries and schools for teams to work well together, it is important that relationships within them are strong and professional. The quality of relationships with colleagues can be disturb or threatened by the way they tallk to each other, react to their suggestions and the tone of the voice that they use. When relationships break down in professional teams, children, young people and their families are likely to receive a less effective service as this would afect them all. Friendly comunication in work place helps building loyalty and trust, they are aware of the needs of the children and job is done properly.

Eco-Friendly Sustainable Building

Eco-Friendly Sustainable Building People build building and structures for meet their social need and for shelter from out sided attack which is like wind, rain, sunlight and etc. For developer, they build building is to meet economic needs which is for investment and to satisfy corporate objectives. Peoples lifestyle and the standard of living and also modernized a community can be improved by the grown of building. Essential and highly visible construction contributor to the process of grown of the country, which means the more of the construction industry grown, the more the country grown. But however, the growing of construction industry brings adverse impacts to environment. So growing acceptance and realization throughout the world that there is a need for more responsible approach to environment. Sustainable building is a UK strategy for more sustainable construction. The other word for sustainable building is Green building; it is design for minimum waste during the construction and after the construction. Mo re construction used a lot of energy and makes a lot of pollution, but in green construction there is minimize of energy used and also never pollute the environment. Most of these points make a good business to developer which is minimizing the waste and increase the efficiency. Advantages of sustainable building Energy efficiency Water efficiency Material efficiency Indoor environment quality enhancement Operation and maintenance optimization Waste reduction Cost and payoff Reduce environmental impact Energy efficiency Green buildings are designed to use renewable energy efficiently and reduce the dependency of non renewable energy source supplied through the use of non renewable materials which is like coal diesel, etc. For example, solar panels convert sunlight into electricity, polystyrene as heat insulation in reinforced concrete wall. Energy efficiency helps to reduce CO2 emissions. Use high efficiency window or insulator in wall floors and ceilings to release heat in summer time Efficiency window allowed sunlight go into house, so we no need switch on light during day time Plant tree at the outside of house to shade roofs or window during the summer time Renewable energy such as solar power, hydro power, wind power or biomass can reduce the impact of the building to the environment Water efficiency Reducing water consumption and protecting water quality are key objectives in a green building Done through on site collection of rain water, purification and reused on site Utilization of waterless urinal or low amount flush allows the efficiency use of water Install purification system can purify Water which from tank Water collect tank. Collect rain, human waste and store it temporary Use purified water to bath, wash cloth, wash car, and for cook Conversation of water reduce the cost Material efficiency Green buildings can be constructed using renewable materials like bamboo, timbers from sustainable managed forests Construction material derived from recycled raw material such as : dredged material from seabed, incineration ash, construction and demolition waste, copper slag, steel slag. Non toxic, renewable and recyclable product for example: Trass, Linoleum, sheep wool, panels made from paper flakes, compressed earth block, adobe, baked earth and ect. Use recycled industrial goods such as coal combustions products, demolition debris and foundry sand in construction site. Material of building must have extractable and manufacturable, so that it can minimize the energy embedded in transportation. Material done at factory can reduce the sound pollution Indoor environment quality enhancement Requires the less usage of indoor air conditioned and reduction in artificial lighting Done through efficient design of windows, air sills, chimney that allows wind to pass within the building Careful integration of nature and artificial light sources to improve on the lighting quality of a structure HVAC system control by the air flow and peoples temperature, AC will start working when only room temperature is no longer comfortable. Light will switch on automatically which only got people Operation and maintenance optimization Operation and maintenance optimization personnel of the building will help the green criteria designed at the onset of the project through proper training and sustainable guidelines of the recycling and maintenance of the quality of the indoor environment No matter how sustainable a building may have been it design and construction, it can only remain so if it is operated responsibly and maintained properly Waste reduction Sustainable construction also seeks to reduce waste of energy, water and material used during the construction process. Green buildings also promotes on-site solutions such as compost bins to reduce waste going to landfills Conversion of human waste into organic fertilizers for agricultural use.

Shame and Learning in Platos Apology Essay -- Philosophy Philosophica

Shame and Learning in Plato's Apology ABSTRACT: In the Apology, Socrates proves to be the master teacher (1) of Athens in the way that he invites the city to overcome its "cognitive shame." Psychologist and teacher Paul Shane contends that much of the learning process begins in shame. (2) Shane defines shame in this way: Shame is the feeling of being exposed and wanting to hide one's nakedness. It is related to ego-ideal. One has a conception of self, an image of what one can be, and the feeling of shame is experienced in not having achieved a desired and attainable goal, in lacking something, in being inadequate. Rather than being a function of not having lived up to the standards of another, it is having failed or disappointed oneself. Shane holds that shame is an element in the learning process because the individual does not want to be in a position of having his or her ignorance exposed. In this way, "cognitive shame" spurs on the student's desire ". . . to explore and acquire, to master and become competent." (3) If an important element in the learning process of the pupil is her need to overcome this shame of not knowing then it seems that she is in a very awkward position, in fact an intolerable position! On the one hand her shame at not knowing is the spur that drives her on to want to transcend her limitations and the feelings of inadequacy, of ignorance that threaten her. On the other hand, the only way she can overcome her state of ignorance and free herself from the shame that threatens her is by revealing her ignorance and thereby making herself vulnerable to the very feelings of shame that will attend this disclosure. Shane implicitly points to this dilemma in his discussion of the questionable structu ... ...ely, a certain degree of irony here but Socrates' fundamental orientation as the sort of teacher who is at the same time a learner is to be taken very seriously. Socrates, in fact, breaks down the distinction between teacher and pupil by making the learning process a collaborative one. (2) Paul Shane, Ph.D., "Shame and Learning," American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 50 (2), April 1980. (3) Shane, 352. (4) Shane, 350-351. (5) Shane, 352. (6) Shane, 352. (7) The verb, here, dokounton, is slightly ambiguous. It can mean, one of those who seem or appear to be wise or one of those who have a reputation for being wise. (8) This, I take it, is the grounds of his hesitation and difficulty, namely, that he is challenging the god's utterance. (9) He appears to be someone involved in the political affairs of the city from Apology 21c4, tis ton politikon.

Spare the Rod and Spoil the Child

I was really enjoying service last Sunday, because my pastor I must admit is good at what he was called to do- crack jokes and preach the word of God. He shared a story about his childhood during service and that gave me the inspiration for this write up.A young pastor Tunde (not real name) apparently set out to grind pepper for his mum, so that dinner could be made without hassle. And so Tunde went to the grind-man’s house and got the pepper well grounded, but instead of going back home decided to play â€Å"one-set† of football. â€Å"One set† led to â€Å"two sets† and more and Tunde was running late for dinner preparations, but at least he had grounded the pepper.Done with football practice and catching up with friends Tunde was on his way out of the sandy football pitch when a more excited friend on the football pitch decided to smash one last shot at goal, but missed by a long mile and caught Tunde’s hand and the grounded pepper spilled on the sand. Afraid and panicking, Tunde managed to get a hold of himself and packed whatever spilled on the sand, alongside the sand and put it all back in the bag and ran straight home with the ‘perfect excuse’.Tunde’s mum asked in earnest what kept him so long, and Tunde said he had to wait in line for his turn. Tunde’s mother refused to dwell on that and collected the (sandy) pepper from his hand and went back into the kitchen. It was there she saw a rather new mixture of grounded pepper and sand (delicious) and required from Tunde as to what came about this combination. Already a successful liar once, Tunde brought out another great line when he said the grinds-man, on putting the pepper inside the machine brought out this mixture and he had no choice but to take what the machine had given to him.Cutting the story short, now born-again Pastor Tunde revealed that he still vividly remembers the slap that was dished out to him when he was done with his ridicul ous response. It was in line of that story that Pastor Tunde revealed a bible passage (Proverbs 22 vs. 15) to back his claim that a child must be disciplined, to set his ways straight.While the church burst out in laughter, I was taking notes. I took notes because I was never beaten as a child by my parents, but at school I got my share and for emphasis sake I am not against it. I just find the topic fascinating anytime it comes up that you must be disciplined by the rod, else you grow up wayward. That assertion does not sit very well with me and so I decided to express myself in my own words. I believe it is the call of a parent to discipline their child however they feel is right, as long as it is done with a high level of tolerance.I definitely agree that a parent reserves the right to spank their child to reality should he default as truth be told, growing kids are the most manipulative people you can ever come across. From the trickery in their moves when they’ve just st olen a bar of chocolate, to the animated tears that form up immediately they have been caught, parents must face the facts that children are indeed manipulative.What then leads the best way to discipline? I grew up knowing that charity began from our home but even then it took a few strokes on my behind in school to correct some of my errors that could not be detected at home. My understanding of that phrase is that whatever basic values you might need as a child, including discipline, you must first get that experience at home. Not being a parent puts me at a slight disadvantage to this debate, but I have watched my little cousins and nieces and nephews grow and I do understand why this needs to be addressed by public opinion. Therein lies the argument, to beat or not to beat.

Law question Essay

Ali had an antique motorbike which he decided to sell. He parked the motorbike on his front lawn with a sign † For sale- RM20,000†³. Ah Chong, who saw the sign, said to Ali that he would be prepared to buy the motorbike for RM15,000. Ali replied that the price is too low and suggested RM18,000. Ah Chong responded by asking if Ali would be prepared to accept payment of the RM18,000 in three monthly instalments of RM6,000 each. Ali replied that he would not. Ali then added,† Anyway I am no longer interested in selling the motorbike to you. † At that precise moment Ali spoke these words, a helicopter flew low overhead and drowned out his words. Ali did not bother to repeat what he had just said and was leaving when Ah Chong quickly agreed to the RM18,000 suggested earlier by Ali. Discuss whether there is a contract between Ali and Ah Chong. Explain whether your answer would be different if the helicopter flying overhead had not drowned out Ali’s words and Ah Chong heard what was said? Assignment Answer In this assignment, I would like to discuss the question above part by part. First of all, from the sentence ,† He parked the motorbike on his front lawn with a sign † For sale- RM20,000†³,† it is said that there was an invitation to trade. Invitation to treat or simply speaking information to bargain means a person inviting others to make an offer in order to create a binding contract. An example of invitation to treat is found in window shop displays and product advertisement. . In another words it is a special expression showing a person’s willingness to negotiate. The issue of invitation to treat was discussed in the case of Fisher v Bell[1961] 1 QB 394 by the English Court of Appeal : â€Å"It is perfectly clear that according to the ordinary law of contract the display of an article with a price on it in a shop window is merely an invitation to treat. It is in no sense an offer for sale the acceptance of which constitutes a contract. †[1]. An offer can be seen from the prescribed text, â€Å"Ah Chong, who saw the sign, said to Ali that he would be prepared to buy the motorbike for RM15,000. † It is stated in Section 2(a) Contracts Act 1950,† when one person signifies to another his willingness to do or abstain from doing anything, with a view to obtaining the assent of that other to the act or abstinence, he is said to make a proposal. † and Section 2(b) Contracts Act 1950,†when the person to whom the proposal is made signifies his assent thereto, the proposal is said to be accepted :a proposal, when accepted, becomes a promise. † . Both laws were applied when Ah Chong has shown his willingness to make an offer as he would be â€Å"PREPARED† to buy the motorbike for RM15,000. However, a counter offer was made by Ali when instead of accepting or rejecting Ah Chong’s offer, Ali made another offer:† Ali replied that the price is too low and suggested RM18,000†³. Ali’s offer refers to a counter offer. In this situation unless an acceptance is rendered, there is no binding contract between A and B. This situation is stated in Section 6(c) Contracts Act 1950-† by the failure of the acceptor to fulfill a condition precedent to acceptance†. There was famous case known as [2]Hyde v. Wrench, [1840] EWHC Ch J90 where Wrench (D) offered to sell his estate to Hyde for 1200 pounds and Hyde (P) declined. Wrench then made a final offer to sell the farm for 1000 pounds. Hyde in turn offered to purchase the property for 950 pounds and Wrench replied that he would consider the offer and give an answer within approximately two weeks. Wrench ultimately rejected the offer and the plaintiff immediately replied that he accepted Wrench’s earlier offer to sell the real estate for 1000 pounds. Wrench refused and Hyde sued for breach of contract and sought specific performance, contending that Wench’s offer had not been withdrawn prior to acceptance. The question or issue here is if one party makes an offer and the offeree makes a counteroffer, does the original offer remain open? Answer is No because a counteroffer negates the original offer. By making a counteroffer, the plaintiff rejected the original offer and he was not entitled to revive it. So in another words, the parties did not form a binding contract. Then we proceed to the next part where Ah Chong made a mere enquiry to Ali by asking if Ali would be prepared to accept payment of thr RM18,000 in three monthly instalments of RM6,000 each. Then, Ali replied that he would not. On top of that, Ali added that he is no longer interested in selling the motorbike to Ah Chong. Section 5(1) Contract Acts 1950 – A proposal may be revoked at any time before the communication of its acceptance is complete as against the proposer, but not afterwards. This particular case [3][3]ROUTLEDGE V GRANT (1828) 4 BING 653 is another example of revocation of an offer : Grant wrote to Routledge offering to purchase the lease of his house. The offer was to remain open for six weeks. Grant then changed his mind about purchasing the lease and, within the six weeks, withdrew his offer. After Routledge had received Grant’s letter withdrawing the offer, he wrote back to Grant, within the six weeks, accepting Grant’s offer. The issue before the court was whether Grant could withdraw his offer within the six week period or whether he was bound contractually given that Routledge had accepted the offer within the timescale. The court held the offer could be withdrawn within the six week period without incurring any liability – if one party has six weeks to accept an offer, the other has six weeks to put an end to it. One party cannot be bound without the other. The case and scenario above convey an useful reminder that until such time as an offer is accepted, the offeror is free to revoke it, even if they have given the recipient a period of time to consider it. When Ali spoke :† I am no longer interested in selling the motorbike to you. † a helicopter flew and drowned his words. And yet, Ali did not bother to repeat what he just said and was leaving when Ah Chong quickly agreed to the RM18,000 suggested earlier by Ali. In this particular moment, Ali rejected Ah Chong’s offer but according to Section 6(a) Contracts Act 1950-† by the communication of notice of revocation by the proposer to the other party†. It states that revocation os not effective until it is received, communicated. In fact, Ali himself reluctant to repeat what he said which is very important and vital in that situation. Here is one similar case, [4]Byrne v Van Tienhoven (1880) LR 5 CPD 344. In this case, Van Tienhoven offered to sell goods to Byrne by letter dated 1 October. On 8 October, prior to acceptance, Van Tienhoven posted a letter revoking the offer. This letter was received by Byrne on 20 October. In the meantime, on 11 October Byrne received the letter and dispatched an acceptance. Was there a contract? To be effective revocation must be communicated. Where post is used for acceptance, acceptance occurs when and where sent. However, this rule does not apply in relation to revocation of offers – thus, if post is used for revocation, communication is only effective if and when it is received by the offeree. As this occurred after acceptance there was a contract formed in this case. An offer was containing a price escalation clause. A counter offer was then made without this clause; it contained a detachable receipt which the company sent back with a notation that they assumed it was on their terms. Thus, the intended message was failed to be received by Ah Chong, the offer has not been revocated. There is a contract between Ali and Ah Chong in this scenario. Section 6(a) Contracts Act 1950 obviously stated revocation must be actually communicated to the offeree before the offer can be treated as effectively revoked. Besides, Section 4(1) Contracts Act 1950-† The communication of a proposal is complete when it comes to the knowledge of the person to whom it is made†. Importance of conveying message has been shown when either offering or revocating an offer. On the other hand, if the helicopter flying overhead had not drowned out Ali’s words and Ah Chong heard what was said, outcomes definitely would be different. As was mentioned earlier, if the intended message was communicated or received by Ah Chong, revocation of the offer will succeed. In conclusion, communication is very crucial when conducting contracts or offerings as the outcomes and consequences can differ easily.